Wizarding world

The Wizarding world is the society in which witches and wizards live and interact seperate from Muggle society. The two communities are kept seperate through the use of charms, spells and secrecy. Wizards are forbidden to reveal anything about magic to Muggle society.

Magic is honed through study, training and formal schooling. Non-magic skills, such as picking a lock with a hairpin rather than an unlocking spell, are uncommon to the point of novel rarity. Magic is used for pretty much everything, including cooking, cleaning, travelling, communicating, child rearing and medical treatment. Although on the surface, magic appears morally neutral, the benevolence or malevolence of a spell's nature is tied to the intention behind it. For instance, the Cruciatus Curse cannot effectively torture a victim with pain unless the caster desires to do true harm to the victim. The technology of the Wizarding World appears Medieval in character as the use of magic precludes the need for advanced technology (as well as that magic interferes with electrical equipment).

Government
The Ministry of Magic is the British wizarding world's central authority, bureaucracy and law enforcement. The Ministry maintains numerous departments and offices and it is highly organized and efficient. The Ministry is led by the Minister for Magic. Politically, there is no separation between executive, legislative and judicial branches of power, and there appear to be no elections. While it is unknown how the Minister is actually selected, there does seem to be some degree of input from the general wizarding population.

The Wizengamot Court System judges those guilty of wizarding law and determines the fate of criminals. Trials consist of a short hearing with no lawyer or arbitrator and without any possibility to appeal. Criminals may be sent to horrible places such as Azkaban for punishment. In cases where individuals have been wrongfully imprisoned (case in point: Sirius Black), the Wizengamot barely issues an apology but merely continues with its work.

The Ministry of Magic controls a great deal of wizarding life, including methods of communication, non-tradeable material and sports.

International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy
Enormous effort is expended to keep Wizarding society from Muggle knowledge. Enchantment of Muggle property is forbidden, underage wizards are restricted from using magic without a license, and any deliberate revelation of magic is punishable. These laws were created by the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy and are enforced by the International Confederation of Wizards and the Ministry of Magic.

The Ministry does not answer to any part of the Muggle government, but its head is obliged to inform the Prime Minister of events that could cause Muggle notice, such as escaped criminals or the importation of highly dangerous magical creatures. Other exceptions to this secrecy include the Muggle relatives of wizards.

Geography
Though wizards live all over the world in various places, there are some Wizard Villages where there are many wizards in one location, or where no Muggles live at all. The only all-wizard village in Great-Britain is Hogsmeade. Although, there are quite some villages inhabited by both Muggles and Wizards.

Economy
The main economic entity in Britain is Gringotts Wizarding Bank, which is run by goblins and an intense security system which includes a subterranean maze and dragons. There are hundreds of thousands of vaults, each with a unique key.

Wizarding currency has three types of coins and no decimal system. The coins are Galleons, Sickles and Knuts. Conversion rates:
 * 17 Sickles to a Galleon
 * 29 Knuts to a Sickle
 * 493 Knuts to a Galleon

Medicine
While Muggle medicine first attempts to stimulate the body's own healing and defence systems, magic can simply impose well-being or create healing from a source other than the body's own system. Potions, spells and magical bandages are administered by trained Healers. Pepperup Potion relieves the symptoms of colds and flu and Cheering Charms provide a rudimentary mood stimulation. Where home remedies and ordinary wizard skills fail, St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries employs Healers who attend to everything from fixing conventional ailments to long-term care for victims of severe neurological damage.

Society
The society of the Wizarding world is centered around two facts: That the members can use magic due to inborn capabilities to do otherwise impossible things, and that it is not possible for Muggle society to coexist peaceably alongside Wizarding society and therefore it is kept secret.

Internal Relations
The most obvious example of wizard prejudice is what ranges from a longstanding disdain to genocidal hatred for Muggles, Muggle-borns, and half-blood wizards. Older wizarding families and wizarding society elite lord blood purity over others. The practice of pure-blood intermarriage left many with mental illness caused by incest.

Ageism towards the young is somewhat problematic. Teachers at Hogwarts are allowed to bully and mistreat students in a fashion that would be considered unethical and criminal in a modern Muggle school. Since wizards appear magically capable until advanced old age, there seems less prejudice toward the old.

Werewolves, perfectly normal human beings the majority of their lives and terrifying monsters for a small fraction of it, are so hated and despised that to reveal their affliction is to end all possibility of future employment. Some werewolves, such as Fenrir Greyback, infamously used their lycanthropy to take revenge on society, however most suffer in secrecy.

Giants, normally solitary creatures given to territorial aggression, were rendered nearly extinct by the refusal of wizards to allow them near habitable land. This forced their kind to cluster together in desolate rocky lands, leading to in-fighting and further deaths. Giants are so feared by wizards that gentle and intelligent half-giants such as Rubeus Hagrid are made to feel ashamed of their heritage.

In other respects, discrimination has escalated to the level of apartheid. House-elves willingly and joyfully whatever tasks their wizard masters ask of them, have thus been ruthlessly exploited for centuries as a slave-class. The fact that they seem to like being enslaved has made wizards send their house-elves on life-threatening errands at all corners of the globe. The casting-out of a house-elf from a family is the deepest and most traumatic punishment imaginable for them. This most often leads the house-elf to harm itself in grief to the point of death.

Goblins, while they appear to have at least a grudging co-existence with the wizard world, have nonetheless experienced much discrimination from wizards, and many have led significant uprisings against them in the past.

Muggle Relations
Most things of magical nature are hidden from Muggles. However to wizards, the Muggle world is also very mysterious. Wizards tend to blunder attempts to disguise themselves as Muggles when they venture into Muggle society (for example, wearing clothing meant for the opposite sex). Muggle technology, such as the telephone or revolver, are foreign and obscure to wizards. Muggle Studies is offered at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, but the subject is considered a waste of time.

Religion
Wizards practice all manner of faiths and religions. Christmas and Easter are celebrated communally, though the celebrations mainly cover the non-religious portions of the holidays. Witches and wizards can be members of any faith, and there is no mention of specifically wizarding religions.

Education
An untrained wizard child may perform random bursts of magic intuitively when distressed or excited. Honing and controlling this into a usable skill takes years of education. There is no official elementary school, however parents may home-school their children or send them to Muggle schools until they are of age to move on to formal wizarding education.

Ability to use magic is automatic grounds for admittance to wizarding school. Somewhere there is a magical quill (possibly at the Department of Mysteries or another Ministry department) that writes down the name of those that are born with magical capabilities. Eleven years after a child's name is entered into the book, a letter is sent to the child's home to explain that they have been accepted to school. The homes of Muggle-born wizards receive an envoy to explain the situation.

Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, located in Scotland, provides education to students in that area of Europe. Students may enroll at age 11 and undertake seven years of training in a wide variety of subjects. When education is complete, graduates are considered mature and capable members of the wizarding society. Some subsequent professions, such as Auror, require additional education and training.

Wizarding Examinations Authority
The Wizarding Examinations Authority examines students in their fifth and seventh years at Hogwarts who sit O.W.L. and N.E.W.T. exams. The head, Griselda Marchbanks, is a very elderly witch who examined a school-aged Albus Dumbledore in his seventh year.

Foreign Schools

 * Beauxbatons Academy of Magic, located either in France or Belgium.
 * Durmstrang Institute, located in Germany, Slovenia or possibly Russia.
 * The Salem Witches Institute, located presumably in New England, America.

Transport and Communication
As witches and wizards live in any and all areas of the known world, wizard modes of transport and communication must cover distances in a variety of ways.

Apparition
Apparition allows an individual to vanish and appear at another place almost instantly. The act of Apparating creates a noise ranging from a small pop to a loud bang. It is difficult technique to master and becomes increasingly unreliable over long distances. It requires complete concentration on the destination, determination and focus upon the desired location, and deliberation and certainty of reaching the goal. Only of-age wizards who qualify for licenses may legally Apparate. Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry offers Apparition classes to students ages 17 and older. Side-Along Apparition allows those with licenses to bring minors along with them. Poor focus may result in splinching, which causes body parts to be seperated and left behind.

Floo Network
Floo powder is a green powder that is thrown into a lit fireplace and allows for a portal to connect to another fireplace at a desired location. The system is operated and overseen by the Floo Network, which is based at the Ministry of Magic. A fireplace must be connected to the Floo Network for one to travel to it, and fireplaces can be connected temporarily, in the case of travelling to Muggle homes.

Flying
Wizards use broomsticks to travel long distances, or for sport, particularly in the game Quidditch. The Cushioning Charm invented by Elliot Smethwyck provides comfort. Some modern broomsticks include the Comet, Cleansweep, Nimbus, and Firebolt. A range of flying creatures are also available for transport, such as Thestrals and Hippogriffs.

Owls
The most common means of communication is owls, which cooperate with wizards to convey packages, messages and letters. In some circumstances, the owl will request payment or food in exchange for services.

Portkeys
Portkeys are objects that allow for travel across extreme distances or to places that have been charmed against detection. Portkeys may send unsuspecting people anywhere, and so they require Ministry authorization to use and operate. They are disguised as ordinary trash, such as a crushed aluminum can or a dirty, discarded sock, so Muggles will ignore them. Portkeys can be set to activate either at a prearranged time, or as soon the person comes in contact with them.

Miscellaneous

 * All-wizarding radio stations exist, though it is not clear if the radios that receive the frequency are magical or Muggle in nature.
 * The Knight Bus taxis stranded wizards to anywhere in the United Kingdom.
 * Hogwarts students are transported to and from the school on the Hogwarts Express.
 * Durmstrang students travel on a ship. Even though it appears from a whirlpool in the Hogwarts lake, there is still rowing involved.
 * Beauxbatons students travel in a carriage drawn by great horses with wings.
 * Flying carpets are a primary form of wizarding transport in Asia, and are designated as contraband in Britain.
 * Very rarely, a Centaur will allow a human to ride on his back. This is the most solemn of events, offered only to highly honoured riders.

Behind the scenes

 * A Brazillian wizarding school is mentioned in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, but the name is never given. Bill Weasley once had a pen-friend at this school, however it ended because Bill was unable to go on an exchange trip there, due to his family's financial problems. To add insult to injury, the very offended pen-friend sent Bill a cursed hat, which made his ears shrivel up.