User blog comment:Donut4/Question about Horcruxes/@comment-24370354-20140102150803

It quite simple: in order to destroy a Horcrux, its receptacle must be damaged to the point it's completely beyond physical or magical repair. In the case where the Horcrux is a live being, destroying the Horcrux beyond repair means killing the live being.

Harry got hurt, but didn't die, therefore the horcrux wasn't destroyed.