Petrification

"Dark Magic of the most advanced kind."

- Albus Dumbledore regarding petrification

Petrification is the process of being turned to stone. The only proven causes of petrification are the gaze of the Gorgon and the Basilisk, the latter only when reflected in or seen through another object. However, there may be a Dark spell that does the same. It is considered to be dark magic of the most advanced kind, of which no normal second year student could accomplish.

It should not be confused with the Full Body-Bind Curse or the Hardening Charm.

Effects
Victims of petrification are paralysed and unmovable, and seem to be unconscious; it takes careful examination to discern whether a victim is petrified or dead. The difference between petrification and death is that the petrified victim appears to enter rigour mortise instantaneously and remains that way, while a dead person enters, and leaves it, within a normal time frame. A petrified ghost will turn a dark smoky grey and can only be moved using a fan. The only effective remedy for petrification is a draught made of Mandrake roots.

The Full Body-Bind Curse is similar to petrification, but it is temporary and easily lifted. The victim is fully conscious when cursed, so it is not nearly as dangerous. Transmogrifian Torture has been said by Gilderoy Lockhart to cause death and petrification; however, the truth of his claims are dubious.

The Chamber of Secrets was opened twice, which released Salazar Slytherin's Basilisk into Hogwarts. The first opening in 1943 resulted in the death of a student, Myrtle Warren. Three other students that were petrified that year. The second opening in 1992 petrified several muggle-born students whom the basilisk had intended to kill, but had failed.

Etymology
The Latin verb petrificare means "to make into stone", from the Latin word for "rock", petra.

Behind the scenes

 * It is unknown how Nearly Headless Nick was revived from being petrified, because, as a ghost, he presumably would not have been able to consume the antidote. (However, as petrified humans cannot consume potions either, being unconscious, perhaps the antidote is administered in a way that could also revive ghosts.)
 * In mythology, petrification is associated with Medusa the Gorgon and the cockatrice as well as the basilisk. In Cornish folklore, petrification legends explain the origin of prehistoric megalithic monuments, such as the Merry Maidens stone circle.
 * In PS FA, Quirinus Quirrell appeared to be turned to stone when touched by Harry, due to the latter's counter-charm reacting to Voldemort (to whom Quirrell was biological linked), and eventually crumbled apart. This form of petrification was not seen in anywhere else in the series.

Appearances

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Notes and references
Petrificación Petryfikacja