Disarming Charm

Warning! At least some content in this article is derived from information featured in Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery. Spoilers will be present within the article.

The Disarming Charm (Expelliarmus) is a charm that forces whatever an opponent is holding to fly out of their hand. It is common to see this spell used in duels to make an opponent lose their wand.^[1]

History

It is not known precisely who created the Disarming Charm. Some wizarding historians claim that it may have been invented by Merlin himself,^[4] others claim that its first widespread use was in Madagascar in the 11th century. Even if any of this is true, the fact remains that it was not very popular until 1379, when Elizabeth Smudgling — the most likely inventor, in the opinion of Miranda Goshawk — used it in a duelling contest in Dartmoor.^[5]

The Disarming Charm became Harry Potter's signature spell,^[6] and it notably caused the death of Lord Voldemort during the Battle of Hogwarts by rebounding his Killing Curse because the Elder Wand recognised Harry as its master through the spell connection, and thus strengthened the Disarming Charm to the point that Voldemort's Killing Curse backfired on himself.^[7]

Effects

The Disarming Charm causes whatever an opponent is holding at the time, usually a wand, to fly high out of their hand.^[1]

A single Disarming Charm can disarm multiple opponents if they are all in close proximity to one another.^[8] Multiple or exceptionally powerful Disarming Charms are even able to send a target flying,^[1] sometimes to the extent of knocking them unconscious.^[8]

Known uses

Caster(s)	Date	Notes
Elizabeth Smudgling	1379	Used it in a duelling contest in Dartmoor.[5]
Filius Flitwick	Pre- teaching career.	Professor Flitwick informs one of his students in 1984 that the Disarming Charm was of great help to him on his path to become a Duelling Champion while preparing the young pupil for learning it themselves, emphasising its importance.[4]
Yusuf Kama	September, 1927	Used it to disarm Newt Scamander and to get his wand, while incarcerating Magizoologist in the one of Paris' sewers.[9]
James Potter	June, 1976	"Snape’s wand flew twelve feet into the air and fell with a little thud in the grass behind him." —James' disarms Snape[src] Used it to disarm Severus Snape while bullying him after an O.W.L. exam.[10]
Albus Dumbledore	1981	"Then a blinding, jagged jet of white light flew through the air: Harry thought of lightning, but Snape had dropped to his knees and his wand had flown out of his hand" —Dumbledore's use on Snape[src] Used it to disarm Severus Snape and make him fall to his knees.[11]
Jacob's sibling	1984	Used it the first time to disarm Professor Flitwick at the behest of the Charms Master while learning to master it. They later used it to great effect to defeat Merula Snyde in a duel and have since continued to use it in wand-wielding confrontations throughout their magical education.[4]
Draco Malfoy	30 June, 1997	Used it to disarm Albus Dumbledore during the Battle of the Astronomy Tower before fleeing with Snape and the other Death Eaters.[12]
	September, 2020	Used it to duel Harry Potter.[13]
Fred Weasley	June, 1993	At the end of his fourth year practised this spell along with; George, Harry, Hermione, and Ron before the start of summer holiday.[14]
George Weasley		At the end of his fourth year practised this spell along with; Fred, Harry, Hermione, and Ron before the start of summer holiday.[14]
Ginny Weasley		Used it at the end of her first year in 1993.[14]
Sirius Black	6 June, 1994	Used it to disarm Harry Potter and Hermione Granger in the Shrieking Shack.[8]
Remus Lupin		Used it to disarm Harry Potter and Hermione Granger in the Shrieking Shack.[8]
Severus Snape	17 December, 1992	Used to disarm Gilderoy Lockhart during teaching students at the Duelling Club in the Great Hall.[1]
	30 June, 1997	Used it to disarm Harry Potter when Harry tried to attack him after he killed Albus Dumbledore at command of Albus himself.[15]
Harry Potter	14 February, 1993	Used it to get Tom Riddle's Diary back from Draco Malfoy who mistook it for Harry's own diary.[16]
	29 May, 1993	Used it to disarm Gilderoy Lockhart in his office.[17]
	June, 1993	Used it again at the end of the year before summer holiday.[16]
	6 June, 1994	Used it to disarm Severus Snape in the Shrieking Shack.[8](In the book Hermione and Ron did the same)
		Used to disarm Peter Pettigrew near the Whomping Willow.[18]
	24 June, 1995	Used it on an Acromantula which was holding him in the maze, during Third Task of Triwizard Tournament.[19]
		Used it to duel Lord Voldemort in Little Hangleton, as he used the Killing Curse, which resulted in Priori Incantatem.[20]
	October, 1995	Used it to teach Dumbledore's Army members.[21]
	18 June, 1996	Used it do disarm Lucius Malfoy in their duel in the Death Chamber during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries.[22]
	27 July, 1997	Used it to disarm Stan Shunpike during the Battle of the Seven Potters.[6]
	2 May, 1998	Used it to disarm Gregory Goyle during the Skirmish in the Room of Requirement.[23]
		Used it to kill Lord Voldemort by rebounding his Killing Curse.[7]
	September, 2020	Used it during a duel with Draco Malfoy, while in his home.[24]
Hermione Granger	June, 1993	Used this spell at the end of her second year along with; Fred, George, Harry, and Ron before summer holiday.[14]
	6 June, 1994	Used it to disarm Severus Snape in the Shrieking Shack.[25]
	August, 1997	Used it to disarm Mundungus Fletcher in the 12 Grimmauld Place during the hunt for Horcruxes.[26]
Ron Weasley	June, 1993	Used this spell at the end of his second year along with; Fred, George, Harry, and Hermione before summer holiday.[14]
	6 June, 1994	Used it to disarm Severus Snape in the Shrieking Shack.[25]
	October, 1997	Used it to disarm Snatcher, who was holding his wand, when he disapparated from Harry and Hermione and he came across them.[27]
	March, 1998	Used it to disarm Bellatrix Lestrange during the Skirmish at Malfoy Manor.[28]
Neville Longbottom	18 June, 1996	"Both Harry’s and the Death Eater’s wands flew out of their hands and soared back towards the entrance to the Hall." —Neville disarms Harry and a Death Eater[src] Used it to disarm a Death Eater, during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, accidentally also disarming Harry Potter.[29]
Lord Voldemort	2 May, 1998	Used it to disarm Neville Longbottom during Battle of Hogwarts.[7]
Albus Potter	September, 2020	Used it twice on Delphini to practise disarming before travelling back in time.[30]
Cedric Diggory	24 June, 1995	Used it on Delphini while participating in the Third Task of the Triwizard Tournament.[31]

Known practitioners

Etymology

Latin expellere (ex = out, pellere = to drive), meaning "to drive out" and "arma" meaning "weapon". Expelliarmus actually means 'to drive out the weapon'.

Behind the scenes

• This is the signature spell of Harry Potter.
• In the later films, it is only when a witch or wizard is defending themselves from the Killing Curse When the spell appears scarlet. When not locked in combat, it manifests as a bluish- white ball or flash of light, while in the second film, it appears as a golden fiery ring. The spell will either connect with the target's hand and force the wand out of their hand or will blast them off their feet, sometimes unconscious.
• When Dumbledore used this on Snape in Chapter 33: The Prince's Tale, it appeared as white light similar to lightning, and hence was probably a variation of it rather than the spell itself, or else an entirely different disarming spell.
• In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game) and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game), the Disarming Charm works instead as the Shield Charm, rebounding an opponent's spells upon them. This is actually also the describing of the spell in the The Standard Book of Spells series. This was mainly due to the lack of being able to disarm in past video games, although this cannot be considered canon as the spell does not work this way in the Harry Potter universe.
  • However, the spell is depicted correctly in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game), Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (video game), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (video game), though the GBC version of the Chamber of Secrets game also follows this scheme.
  • Also in the console version of the second game, it's possible to catch and deflect spells not only cast by prefects in the PS2 version, but it's also possible to do so on one's own backfired spell. This only works on Flipendo and Incendio however, as the other projectile spells will pass through. In the case of the former, it moves rather fast so tight timing to activate the charm is needed.
• The Disarming Charm is referenced on Doctor Who, when Shakespeare uses it to conclude a formula used to banish the villains from earth. The Doctor (played by David Tennant) smiles after the villains are beaten and says: "Good old J.K.", referencing the author of the Harry Potter series.
• As seen in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, it is possible to disarm and take ownership of one's wand without using the spell, as demonstrated by Harry, who forcefully disarmed Malfoy with his bare hands to take the latter's wand.
• In the film versions of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Hermione Granger used the spell to make Mundungus Fletcher's wand fly over to her for her to catch it, which also happened when Harry Potter defeated Tom Riddle during Voldemort's Last Stand, in a similar way to the Summoning Charm.
• The Disarming Charm is used, apart from depriving opponents of their wands, to intercept or rebound offensive spells. Usually, this only works with minor to moderate Dark charms, similar to the Shield Charm. The Elder Wand recognised Harry as its true master through the spell connection, and thus strengthened Harry's spell to the point that even Voldemort's Killing Curse got rebounded upon himself.
• Outside of cases of Priori Incantatem, the Disarming Charm is only able to intercept major Dark spells like the Killing Curse, similar to Stunning spells and the golden flame spell.

Appearances

• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (First appearance)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)
• Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)
• Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)
• Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (video game)
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
• Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2 (video game)
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald - The Original Screenplay
• Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
• Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (play)
• LEGO Harry Potter: Building the Magical World (Mentioned only)
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 1-4
• LEGO Harry Potter: Years 5-7
• Pottermore
• Wonderbook: Book of Spells
• Harry Potter for Kinect
• Harry Potter: The Character Vault (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery
• Harry Potter: The Wand Collection (Mentioned only)
• Harry Potter: Magic Awakened

Notes and references

Defence Against the Dark Arts (D.A.D.A.)
D.A.D.A. at Hogwarts
Classroom 3C · Temporary Classroom · Hogwarts Turris Magnus · Teacher's Office · Storeroom · Staircase · Lesson Cup · Race Cup · Dumbledore's Army
Professors
Arsenius Jigger · Albus Dumbledore · Galatea Merrythought · Patricia Rakepick · Quirinus Quirrell · Gilderoy Lockhart · Remus Lupin · Bartemius Crouch Junior (as Alastor Moody) · Dolores Umbridge · Severus Snape · Amycus Carrow (as Dark Arts teacher)
Textbooks
The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection · Break with a Banshee · Gadding with Ghouls · Holidays with Hags · Travels with Trolls · Voyages with Vampires · Wanderings with Werewolves · Year with the Yeti · The Essential Defence Against the Dark Arts · Defensive Magical Theory · Dark Arts Defence: Basics for Beginners · Confronting the Faceless · Magical Drafts and Potions
Spells studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Aqua Eructo Charm · Boggart-Banishing Spell · Counter-curses · Counter-jinxes · Counter-spells · Curse of the Bogies · Defensive Charms · Densaugeo · Deprimo · Disarming Charm · Everte Statum · Freezing Spell · Full Body-Bind Curse · Fumos Duo · Green Sparks · Hex-Breaker· Hex-deflection · Hex Zapper · Homorphus Charm · Human-presence-revealing Spell · Impediment Jinx · Knockback Jinx · Lacarnum Inflamari · Nonverbal spells · Patronus Charm · Red Sparks · Reductor Curse · Salvio hexia · Seize and Pull Charm · Shield Charm · Smokescreen Spell · Snake-Vanishing Spell · Stunning Spell · Tickling Charm · Tongue-Tying Curse · Trip Jinx · Verdimillious Charm · Verdimillious Duo Spell · Verdimillious Tria · Wand-Lighting Charm · Cruciatus Curse · Imperius Curse · Killing Curse
Creatures studied at Hogwarts under D.A.D.A.
Banshee · Boggart · Cornish Pixie · Dementor · Erkling · Ghost · Ghoul · Grindylow · Gytrash · Hag · Hinkypunk · Iguana · Imp · Inferius · Kappa · Nocturnal beasts · Red Cap · Snake · Troll · Vampire · Vampire bat · Werewolf · Yeti · Zombie

The Standard Book of Spells
Grade 1 · Grade 2 · Grade 3 · Grade 4 · Grade 5 · Grade 6 · Grade 7
Charms included in the series: Banishing Charm · Dancing Feet Spell · Disarming Charm · Engorgement Charm · Fire-Making Spell · Freezing Charm · General Counter-Spell · Levitation Charm · Locking Spell · Memory Charm · Mending Charm · Severing Charm · Softening Charm · Substantive Charm · Summoning Charm · Tickling Charm · Unlocking Charm